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Long-tailed Duck (Oldsquaw)

Clangula hyemalis

General Status Rank:

Sensitive

ELCODE:

ABNJB16010

Common Name:

Long-tailed Duck (Oldsquaw)

Scientific Name:

Clangula hyemalis

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Taxonomy

Group:

Bird

Kingdom:

Animalia

Phylum:

Chordata

Class:

Aves

Order:

Anseriformes

Family:

Anatidae

References:

General Biology

Female Age at Maturity

2

References:

Economic/Human Considerations

important to northern subsistence hunters, sport hunted in AK & e. N. America (low numbers)

References:

Habitat

Arctic and sub-arctic freshwater wetlands

References:

Distribution

Ecozones

Arctic Cordillera, Northern Arctic, Southern Arctic, Taiga Cordillera, Taiga Plains, Taiga Shield

References:

Distribution

0.70 (B004); ~90% of the total NWT area. Range extent visually estimated from range map in "Distribution of birds in NWT & Nunavut: 2009 Review" (CWS).

Score:

G

References:

Winter Distribution Description:

coastal North America, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Great Lakes, Greenland and Iceland

Number of Occurrences

Much greater than 100, dispersed breeder

References:

Historical Distribution

unknown

References:

Area of Occupancy

unknown, but likely stable

Score:

-

References:

Population

Population Size

~53,600 LTDU in the NWT in 2014. 70% of the area of the C. & N. Alberta–N.E. British Columbia–NWT transects (strata 13-18, 20, & 77) for the USFWS breeding waterfowl surveys is within the NWT. To estimate population size, we multiplied the 2014 pop estimate for this species in this strata region (76,624) by 70% to get a rough population estimate for the NWT portion. Population estimate from R270, could be an underestimate as the survey does not account for coastal birds

Score:

F

References:

Density

dispersed breeder

Trends

Trends

LTDU population decreased 53% from previous year and decreased 65% since 1955 (W119 C. & N. Alberta–N.E. British Columbia–NWT transects (strata 13-18, 20, & 77) (R270)

Score:

D

References:

Threats

Threats

habitat loss, oil spills, fishing nets, potential over-hunting

Score:

B

References:

Intrinsic Vulnerability

possibly pollution, development, global climate change, overfishing reducing availability of spawn, aquaculture

Score:

-

References:

General Status Rank

Rank:

Sensitive

Status Rank Description:

Trends difficult to determine due to difficulty of surveying this species, eastern population likely stable, but western population declining since 1977.

S Rank:

S3

Decision Process Description:

Drafted by Grant Gilchrist based mostly on printed material in 2000; Reviewed in 2005 by J. Hines and C. Swoboda based on printed literature only, no change in status; Reviewed in 2010;no change ; Reviewed by Ian Fife and Cindy Wood CWS in 2015, no change

Last Updated:

July 10, 2015

References

Age Of Maturity

Bellrose, RC (1980) Ducks, geese, and swans of North America. Wildlife Mangement Institute and Stackpole Books 3rd edition CWS office. Yellowknife - B999 Return

Area of Occupancy

Robertson, G. J., and J.-P. L. Savard (2002) Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis) Birds of North America. The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union No. 651 - CS19 Return
USFWS (2014) Accessed by CWS Region (Ian Fife and Cindy Wood) February 2015 https://migbirdapps.fws.gov/mbdc/databases/mas/maydb.asp - W119 Return
Olson, S.M. (2014) United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Vancouver, WA. 114pp - R270 Return

Economic Status

Gilchrist Grant (2000) Pers. communication. Wildlife Population Biologist, Eastern Arctic, CWS Yellowknife - H131 Return
Robertson, G. J., and J.-P. L. Savard (2002) Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis) Birds of North America. The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union No. 651 - CS19 Return

Ecozones

Godfrey WE (1986) The Birds of Canada. National Museums of Canada Revised Edition RWED Library Call #QL685.G6 - B004 Return

Habitat

Godfrey WE (1986) The Birds of Canada. National Museums of Canada Revised Edition RWED Library Call #QL685.G6 - B004 Return
Gilchrist Grant (2000) Pers. communication. Wildlife Population Biologist, Eastern Arctic, CWS Yellowknife - H131 Return
Robertson, G. J., and J.-P. L. Savard (2002) Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis) Birds of North America. The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union No. 651 - CS19 Return

Historical Distribution

Bellrose, RC (1980) Ducks, geese, and swans of North America. Wildlife Mangement Institute and Stackpole Books 3rd edition CWS office. Yellowknife - B999 Return

Intrinsic Vulnerability

Gilchrist Grant (2000) Pers. communication. Wildlife Population Biologist, Eastern Arctic, CWS Yellowknife - H131 Return
Robertson, G. J., and J.-P. L. Savard (2002) Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis) Birds of North America. The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union No. 651 - CS19 Return

NWT Known Subspecies

Bellrose, RC (1980) Ducks, geese, and swans of North America. Wildlife Mangement Institute and Stackpole Books 3rd edition CWS office. Yellowknife - B999 Return

Number of Occurrences

Gilchrist Grant (2000) Pers. communication. Wildlife Population Biologist, Eastern Arctic, CWS Yellowknife - H131 Return

Population Size

Cindy Wood and Ian Fife (2015) e-copy - H308 Return

,

Olson, S.M. (2014) United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Vancouver, WA. 114pp - R270 Return

Range Extent

Godfrey WE (1986) The Birds of Canada. National Museums of Canada Revised Edition RWED Library Call #QL685.G6 - B004 Return

Short Term Trends

Robertson, G. J., and J.-P. L. Savard (2002) Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis) Birds of North America. The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union No. 651 - CS19 Return
USFWS (2014) Accessed by CWS Region (Ian Fife and Cindy Wood) February 2015 https://migbirdapps.fws.gov/mbdc/databases/mas/maydb.asp - W119 Return
Olson, S.M. (2014) United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Vancouver, WA. 114pp - R270 Return

Taxonomy

Godfrey WE (1986) The Birds of Canada. National Museums of Canada Revised Edition RWED Library Call #QL685.G6 - B004 Return

Threats

Gilchrist Grant (2000) Pers. communication. Wildlife Population Biologist, Eastern Arctic, CWS Yellowknife - H131 Return
Robertson, G. J., and J.-P. L. Savard (2002) Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis) Birds of North America. The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union No. 651 - CS19 Return