Tundra Swan

Cygnus columbianus

General Status Rank: 
Secure
ELCODE: 
ABNJB02010
Common Name: 
Tundra Swan
Scientific Name: 
Cygnus columbianus
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Taxonomy
Group: 
Bird
Kingdom: 
Animalia
Phylum: 
Chordata
Class: 
Aves
Order: 
Anseriformes
Family: 
Anatidae
References: 
B004
General Biology

Longevity

average age unknown, oldest known was at least 21 years
References: 
CS08

Economic/Human Considerations

important to sport hunters in southern Canada and US
References: 
B999
Habitat
marshy lakes and ponds on tundra (water not necessary)
References: 
B004
H127
Distribution

Ecozones

Northern Arctic, Southern Arctic
References: 
B004

Distribution

0.07 or a bit more (B004); ~15-20% of total NWT area. Range extent visually estimated from range map in "Distribution of birds in NWT & Nunavut: 2009 Review" (CWS).
Score: 
G
References: 
B004
Winter Distribution Description: 
2 wintering populations, birds from NWT belong to Eastern population and winter along mid-Atlantic coast from Maryland to South Carolina and on Lake Eerie

Number of Occurrences

dispersed breeder
References: 
H127

Historical Distribution

unknown, but possibly similar to present
References: 
H127

Area of Occupancy

unknown; but prob stable
Score: 
-
References: 
W119
Population

Population Size

Continental population in 2014 was 105,000. 14,279 estimated in the lower Inuvialuit Settlement Region (average density of 0.39 TUSW/km2), which covers a large part of their range in NWT ().
Score: 
F
References: 
R272

Density

dispersed breeder
Trends

Trends

"The mid-winter survey estimates have shown no trend over the last 10 years (W113)
Score: 
G
References: 
W119
Threats

Threats

potential over-hunting, habitat loss, human disturbance
Score: 
C
References: 
B999
H127
H127-05

Intrinsic Vulnerability

In north, pollution, development, global climate change
Score: 
-
References: 
B999
H127
H127-05
General Status Rank
Rank: 
Secure
S Rank: 
S5
Decision Process Description: 
Drafted by Jim Hines with review by S. Carriere, mostly based on printed material in 2000; Reviewed in 2005 by J. Hines and C. Swoboda based on printed literature only, no change in status; Reviewed in 2010;no change ; Reviewed by Ian Fife and Cindy Wood CWS in 2015, no change
Last Updated: 
February 16, 2015

References

Area of Occupancy

  • USFWS (2014) Accessed by CWS Region (Ian Fife and Cindy Wood) February 2015 https://migbirdapps.fws.gov/mbdc/databases/mas/maydb.asp - W119 Return

Economic Status

  • Bellrose, RC (1980) Ducks, geese, and swans of North America. Wildlife Mangement Institute and Stackpole Books 3rd edition CWS office. Yellowknife - B999 Return

Ecozones

  • Godfrey WE (1986) The Birds of Canada. National Museums of Canada Revised Edition RWED Library Call #QL685.G6 - B004 Return

Habitat

  • Godfrey WE (1986) The Birds of Canada. National Museums of Canada Revised Edition RWED Library Call #QL685.G6 - B004 Return
  • Hines, Jim (2000) Pers. communication. Wildlife biologist, CWS, Yellowknife - H127 Return

Historical Distribution

  • Hines, Jim (2000) Pers. communication. Wildlife biologist, CWS, Yellowknife - H127 Return

Intrinsic Vulnerability

  • Bellrose, RC (1980) Ducks, geese, and swans of North America. Wildlife Mangement Institute and Stackpole Books 3rd edition CWS office. Yellowknife - B999 Return
  • Hines, Jim (2000) Pers. communication. Wildlife biologist, CWS, Yellowknife - H127 Return
  • Hines, Jim (2005) Pers. communication Wildlife biologist, CWS, Yellowknife. - H127-05 Return

Longevity

  • Limpert, R. J. and S. L. Earnst (1994) Tundra Swan (Cygnus columbianus) Birds of North America, No. 89. The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union, Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. - CS08 Return

NWT Known Subspecies

Godfrey WE (1986) The Birds of Canada. National Museums of Canada Revised Edition RWED Library Call #QL685.G6 - B004 Return

Number of Occurrences

  • Hines, Jim (2000) Pers. communication. Wildlife biologist, CWS, Yellowknife - H127 Return

Population Size

Groves, D.J. and E.J. Mallek. 2011. (2011) - R272 Return

Range Extent

  • Godfrey WE (1986) The Birds of Canada. National Museums of Canada Revised Edition RWED Library Call #QL685.G6 - B004 Return

Short Term Trends

  • USFWS (2014) Accessed by CWS Region (Ian Fife and Cindy Wood) February 2015 https://migbirdapps.fws.gov/mbdc/databases/mas/maydb.asp - W119 Return

Taxonomy

  • Godfrey WE (1986) The Birds of Canada. National Museums of Canada Revised Edition RWED Library Call #QL685.G6 - B004 Return

Threats

  • Bellrose, RC (1980) Ducks, geese, and swans of North America. Wildlife Mangement Institute and Stackpole Books 3rd edition CWS office. Yellowknife - B999 Return
  • Hines, Jim (2000) Pers. communication. Wildlife biologist, CWS, Yellowknife - H127 Return
  • Hines, Jim (2005) Pers. communication Wildlife biologist, CWS, Yellowknife. - H127-05 Return