adults = benthic in clean, swiftly flowing, gravel or bouldery streams spawning = over a gravelly bottom young = pelagic in quiet waters near shore (B011);occurs in fast flowing streams with a gravel or boulder substrate in clear or turbid water. It may also inhabit nearshore areas of lakes over a gravel or boulder substrate. Adults are nocturnal and may live between or under stones during the day. Spawning occurs between May and August over a gravel or stone substrate. Eggs hatch in 3─10 days depending on water temperature. Prolarvae remain near the substrate for approximately one week, then rise to the surface and may be found under overhanging vegetation. The young are pelagic for approximately four months, eventually becoming benthic. They are generally found in shallow water over a sand, gravel, and rock substrate.Juveniles and adults have similar habitat requirements, but adults are more selective (Richardson et al. 2001; Evans et al. 2002). (B172)